看完了所有回答,发现一个问题。那就是……不同宗派和不同认知水平的贤友们,对「核心教理」的定义好像很是有差别啊!
首先呢,很多不同宗派从论著和修习方式来说,是非常不同的,甚至可以说是有「冲突」的,这里不多谈了,容易引战。
那么,我们来看看WBSC世界佛教僧团会的共识部分是什么样子的吧。
《上座部佛教与大乘佛教的基本共识》
发表于1967年世界佛教僧团会「World Buddhist Sangha Council (WBSC)」的第一次会议。由已故的WBSC创办者及秘书长 Pandita Pimbure Sorata 长老,邀请化普乐·罗睺罗尊者(Ven. Walpola Rahula)拟定一份联合了所有不同佛教传统的条文,由世界佛教僧团会一致通过。80年代有补充条文,也在下文中。
【●注意】知乎上特别多「作孽人士」为了彰显自己宗派的地位,擅自添加私货瞎编翻译,我这里贴个正确版本的英文原文。
Text of the Original Document[edit]
“
1. The Buddha is our only Master (teacher and guide)
2. We take refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sagha (the Three Jewels)
3. We do not believe that this world is created and ruled by aGod.
4. We consider that the purpose of life is to develop compassion for all living beings without discrimination and to work for their good, happiness, and peace; and to develop wisdom (prajā) leading to the realization of Ultimate Truth
5. We accept the Four Noble Truths, namely dukha, the arising of dukha, the cessation of dukha, and the path leading to the cessation of dukha; and the law of cause and effect (pratītyasamutpāda)
6. All conditioned things (saskāra) are impermanent (anitya) and dukha, and that all conditioned and unconditioned things (dharma) are without self (anātma) (see trilaksana).
7. We accept the thirty-seven qualities conducive to enlightenment (bodhipakadharma) as different aspects of the Path taught by the Buddha leading to Enlightenment.
8. There are three ways of attaining bodhi or Enlightenment: namely as a disciple (rāvaka), as apratyekabuddha and as a samyaksambuddha (perfectly and fully enlightened Buddha). We accept it as the highest, noblest, and most heroic to follow the career of a Bodhisattva and to become asamyaksambuddha in order to save others.
9. We admit that in different countries there are differences regarding Buddhist beliefs and practices. These external forms and expressions should not be confused with the essential teachings of the Buddha.
”
Expansion of the Formula[edit]
Ven. Walpola Sri Rahula in 1981 offered an alternative to the Nine-point formula above restating it as follows:
“
Whatever our sects, denominations or systems, as Buddhists we all accept the Buddha as our Master who gave us the Teaching.
We all take refuge in the Triple Jewel: the Buddha, our Teacher; the Dhamma, his teaching; and the Sangha, the Community of holy ones. In other words, we take refuge in the Teacher, the Teaching and the Taught.
Whether Theravāda or Mahāyāna, we do not believe that this world is created and ruled by a god at hiswill.
Following the example of the Buddha, our Teacher, who is embodiment of Great Compassion (mahākarua) and Great Wisdom (mahāprajā), we consider that the purpose of life is to develop compassion for all living beings without discrimination and to work for their good, happiness and peace; and to develop wisdom leading to the realization of Ultimate Truth.
We accept the Four Noble Truths taught by the Buddha, namely, Dukkha, the fact that our existence in this world is in predicament, is impermanent, imperfect, unsatisfactory, full of conflict; Samudaya, the fact that this state of affairs is due to our egoistic selfishness based on the false idea of self; Nirodha, the fact that there is definitely the possibility of deliverance, liberation, freedom from this predicament by the total eradication of the egoistic selfishness; and Magga, the fact that this liberation can be achieved through the Middle Path which is eight-fold, leading to the perfection of ethical conduct (sila), mental discipline (samadhi) and wisdom (panna).
We accept the universal law of cause and effect taught in the Paiccasamuppada (Skt. pratītyasamutpada; Conditioned Genesis or Dependent Origination), and accordingly we accept that everything is relative, interdependent and interrelated and nothing isabsolute, permanent and everlasting in this universe.
We understand, according to the teaching of the Buddha, that all conditioned things (samkhara) are impermanent (anicca) and imperfect and unsatisfactory (dukkha), and all conditioned and unconditioned things (dhamma) are without self (anatta).
We accept the Thirty-seven Qualities conducive to Enlightenment (bodhipakkhiyadhamma) as different aspects of the Path taught by the Buddha leading to Enlightenment, namely:
Four Forms of Presence of Mindfulness (Pali: satipatthana; Skt. smrtyupasthana);
Four Right Efforts (Pali. sammappadhana; Skt. samyakpradhana);
Four Bases of Supernatural Powers (Pali. iddhipada; Skt. rddhipada);
Five Faculties (indriya: Pali. saddha, viriya, sati, samadhi, panna; Skt. sraddha, virya, smrti, samadhi, prajna);
Five Powers (bala, same five qualities as above);
Seven Factors of Enlightenment (Pali. bojjhanga; Skt. bobhyanga);
Eight-fold Noble Path (Pali. ariyamagga; Skt. aryamarga).
There are three ways of attaining Bodhi or Enlightenment according to the ability and capacity of each individual: namely, as aSravaka (disciple), as a Pratyekabuddha (Individual Buddha) and as a Samyaksambuddha (Perfectly and Fully Enlightened Buddha). We accept it as the highest, noblest and most heroic to follow the career of a Boddhisattva and to become a Samyksambuddha in order to save others. But these three states are on the same Path, not on different paths. In fact, the Sandhinirmocana-sutra, a well-known important Mahayana sutra, clearly and emphatically says that those who follow the line of rāvakayāna (Vehicle of Disciples) or the line of Pratyekabuddha-yana (Vehicle of Individual Buddhas) or the line of Tathagatas (Mahayana) attain the supreme Nirvana by the same Path, and that for all of them there is only one Path of Purification (visuddhi-marga) and only one Purification (visuddhi) and no second one, and that they are not different paths and different purifications, and that Sravakayana and Mahayanaconstitute One Vehicle One Yana (ekayana) and not distinct and different vehicles or yanas.
We admit that in different countries there are differences with regard to the ways of life of Buddhist monks, popular Buddhist beliefs and practices,rites andrituals, ceremonies, customs and habits. These external forms and expressions should not be confused with the essential teachings of the Buddha.
懒得看英文原文的朋友,以下是简单总结:
1.佛陀乔达摩悉达多是共同的祖师爷,无论你什么派系。
2.我们都皈依佛陀,佛法,僧团。(这里要注意,是“僧团“,不是某个僧人,某个上师,某个大德)
3.世界没有神及“大能力存在“可以创世或管理干涉世界!
4.全体佛弟子认同的人生目标:众生平等,为众生的利益,和平,快乐而努力,让众生获得智慧。
5.四圣谛,八正道,戒定慧,公认的一点问题都没有!
6.缘起法没毛病。一切说是永恒的,绝对的,永久的,不管它是个啥,全都不是佛教。
7.有为法皆是无常、苦!一切有为法与无为法,都是无我的!
8.三十七道品绝对没毛病!
9.阿罗汉,独觉以及各种佛菩萨,我们尊重和认同菩萨行和成就正自觉是神圣和英勇的,但是最终的解脱与境界完全一模一样!也没有谁比谁厉害之说!
10.不管你搞什么乱七八糟的幺蛾子!一切外在的表现形式(各种本土化行为与仪式),都不允许与 “ 佛 陀 的 基 本 教 义 ” 混为一谈!!
以上内容,无限等于「根本核心教义」,全世界佛教共识,不论你哪宗哪派,如有歧义,一律是非佛教外道。 |